Childhood obesity has now become an epidemic. A recent review discusses new medical and surgical options for treating children and adolescents with obesity. It investigated the impact of COVID-19 on this vulnerable population and also discussed the recent availability of screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity.

The study observed that COVID-19 increased the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. This population is at increased risk for severe disease. The approval of two new antiobesity medications: liraglutide and setmelanotide, has benefitted the field of pediatric obesity. However, one is currently targeted to specific genetic mutations. 

Genetic screening helps identify individuals with obesity due to a neuroendocrinological disruption. This marks the beginning of understanding the genetic problems associated with obesity. More identification of genetic mutations is assisting decrease the stigma of obesity as a failure to exercise control over consumption. It may also inform healthcare providers and their patients about at-risk patients. 

Lastly, metabolic and bariatric surgery are now accessible to youth with severe obesity, which can result in significant weight loss and resolve existing co-morbidities, like type 2 diabetes. 

Furthermore, long-term follow-up five years after surgery has shown favorable outcomes. Earlier and more comprehensive management options will help healthcare practitioners with an evidence-based approach to diagnosing and treating children with obesity and provide patients with the tools needed for a healthy future.

These new diagnostic and therapeutic options will bring revived enthusiasm to treating children and adolescents with obesity and increased recognition that obesity is a chronic disease starting in childhood, deserving intervention to prevent consequences.

Cuda S, Censani M. Progress in pediatric obesity: new and advanced therapies. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2022;34(4):407-413. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001150